Advanced Control Strategies for Blade Angle Regulation in Rotational Energy Systems

Abstract

The rapid worldwide shift to sustainable energy has established wind turbines as an essential element of the renewable energy framework. The unpredictable nature of wind speeds and the nonlinear aerodynamic difficulties associated with turbine operation provide considerable hurdles for traditional control systems, especially in attaining optimum power extraction and ensuring structural durability. This research examines the creation of an adaptive, resilient pitch control system aimed at improving wind turbine efficiency under variable climatic situations. A detailed mathematical model of wind turbine dynamics is provided, including aerodynamic, mechanical, and pitch-actuator elements. A comparative performance comparison is undertaken between a traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller adjusted using the Ziegler-Nichols technique and an intelligent Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). Simulation findings indicate that while the PID controller eradicates steady-state error, it is hindered by restricted adaptability to dynamic operating circumstances, displaying an 11.8% peak overshoot and a settling time of 32 seconds. The suggested Fuzzy Logic Controller decreases the delay time to 2.5 seconds, the settling time to 19 seconds, and successfully removes peak overshoot while maintaining zero steady-state error. The findings validate that a heuristic, rule-based fuzzy architecture provides a computationally efficient and pragmatic alternative to model-based and deep-learning control algorithms for wind turbine pitch adjustment.